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Sparing ultrasound in emergency department patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis by using clinical scores and d-dimer testing.
J Clin Ultrasound. 2016 May;44(4):231-9
Authors: Gaitini D, Khoury R, Israelit S, Beck-Razi N
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate compliance with a management strategy for use in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on Wells score (WS), d-dimer concentrations, and sonographic (US) examinations.
METHODS: Retrospective and prospective data on risk factors, physical examination findings, d-dimer concentrations, and US results were collected and reviewed. The prevalence of DVT for each WS category and d-dimer level was calculated.
RESULTS: In the retrospective part of the study, 475 consecutive patients were included. Patients' risk for DVT was scored as high (n = 129 [27.2%]), moderate (n = 95 [20%]), or low (n = 251 [52.8%]). d-Dimer test results were available for 34 (7.2%) of the patients. DVT was diagnosed in 105 (22.1%) patients: 99 (76.7%) at high, 4 (4.2%) at moderate, and 2 (0.8%) at low risk. The mean d-dimer concentration was 3,071.7 ng/ml in patients with DVT. In the prospective part of the study, 50 patients were enrolled. Their risk levels for DVT were scored as high (n = 23 [46%]), moderate (n = 7 [14%]), and low (n = 20 [40%]). d-Dimer testing was performed in all patients. The mean d-dimer concentration was 2,966.9 ng/ml in patients with DVT. DVT was diagnosed in 13 (26%) of these 50 patients: 12 (52.2%) at high and 1 (14.3%) at moderate risk for DVT. No patients in the low-risk group and with normal d-dimer concentrations had DVT.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified significant correlation between WS, d-dimer concentration, and diagnosis of DVT on US examination. DVT can be excluded with certainty in patients admitted to the ED with a low-risk score for DVT and a negative d-dimer concentration, thus avoiding the need for performing US examinations. A low level of compliance with this management strategy was found in our ED. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:231-239, 2016.
PMID: 26666631 [PubMed - in process]