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The impact of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection on outcomes of hospitalized patients with sepsis.
J Hosp Med. 2014 Apr 9;
Authors: Lagu T, Stefan MS, Haessler S, Higgins TL, Rothberg MB, Nathanson BH, Hannon NS, Steingrub JS, Lindenauer PK
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (HOCDI) on the outcomes of patients with sepsis.
BACKGROUND: Most prior studies that have addressed this issue lacked adequate matching to controls, suffered from small sample size, or failed to consider time to infection.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING AND PATIENTS: We identified adults with a principal or secondary diagnosis of sepsis who received care at 1 of the institutions that participated in a large multihospital database between July 1, 2004 and December 31, 2010. Among eligible patients with sepsis, we identified patients who developed HOCDI during their hospital stay.
MEASUREMENTS: We used propensity matching and date of diagnosis to match cases to patients without Clostridium difficile infections and compared outcomes between the 2 groups.
MAIN RESULTS: Of 218,915 sepsis patients, 2368 (1.08%) developed HOCDI. Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in HOCDI patients than controls (25% vs 10%, P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, in-hospital mortality rate was 24% in cases vs. 15% in controls. In an analysis limited to survivors, adjusted length of stay (LOS) among cases with Clostridium difficile infections was 5.1 days longer than controls (95% confidence interval: 4.4-5.8) and the median-adjusted cost increase was $4916 (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: After rigorous adjustment for time to diagnosis and presenting severity, hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection was associated with increased mortality, LOS, and cost. Our results can be used to assess the cost-effectiveness of prevention programs and suggest that efforts directed toward high-risk patient populations are needed. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine.
PMID: 24715578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]