Health Serv Insights. 2023 Apr 14;16:11786329231166522. doi: 10.1177/11786329231166522. eCollection 2023.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic changed care delivery. But the mechanisms of changes were less understood.
OBJECTIVES: Examine the extent to which the volume and pattern of hospital discharge and patient composition contributed to the changes in post-acute care (PAC) utilization and outcomes during the pandemic.
RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. Medicare claims data on hospital discharges in a large healthcare system from March 2018 to December 2020.
SUBJECTS: Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, 65 years or older, hospitalized for non-COVID diagnoses.
MEASURES: Hospital discharges to Home Health Agencies (HHA), Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF), and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRF) versus home. Thirty- and ninety-day mortality and readmission rates. Outcomes were compared before and during the pandemic with and without adjustment for patient characteristics and/or interactions with the pandemic onset.
RESULTS: During the pandemic, hospital discharges declined by 27%. Patients were more likely to be discharged to HHA (+4.6%, 95% CI [3.2%, 6.0%]) and less likely to be discharged to either SNF (-3.9%, CI [-5.2%, -2.7%]) or to home (-2.8% CI [-4.4%, -1.3%]). Thirty- and ninety-day mortality rates were significantly higher by 2% to 3% points post-pandemic. Readmission were not significantly different. Up to 15% of the changes in discharge patterns and 5% in mortality rates were attributable to patient characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS: Shift in discharge locations were the main driver of changes in PAC utilization during the pandemic. Changes in patient characteristics explained only a small portion of changes in discharge patterns and were mainly channeled through general impacts rather than differentiated responses to the pandemic.
PMID:37077324 | PMC:PMC10108411 | DOI:10.1177/11786329231166522