J Hosp Infect. 2021 Nov 26:S0195-6701(21)00425-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.11.016. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is increasingly identified as a complication of influenza infection, termed influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA).
AIMS: Assess the morbidity and mortality of critically ill influenza patients with and without IAPA.
METHODS: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases for studies containing comparative data of critically ill influenza patients with IAPA. Primary outcomes were all-cause in-hospital and ICU mortality. The secondary outcomes were clinical characteristics, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), requirement of vasopressor, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
FINDINGS: IAPA incidence was 28.8% in 853 critically ill influenza patients, with an overall mortality rate of 33.4%. No difference in age and comorbidities were observed. IAPA patients were predominantly male and received chronic corticosteroids. In-hospital (49.2% vs. 27.0%; P= 0.002) and ICU (46.8% vs. 20.8%; P< 0.001) mortality rates were higher among IAPA patients than non-IAPA patients. Greater proportion of IAPA patients required IMV and prolonged IMV duration (mean 17.3 vs. 10.5 days; P< 0.001), ICU (mean 26.8 vs. 12.8 days; P= 0.001) and hospital LOS (mean 38.7 vs. 27.0 days; P= 0.003). IAPA patients had greater disease severity requiring a significant amount of vasopressor (76.4% vs. 57.9%; P< 0.001), RRT (45.7% vs. 19.1%; P< 0.001), and ECMO (25.9% vs. 12.8%; P= 0.004) support than non-IAPA patients.
CONCLUSIONS: IAPA diagnosis in critically ill patients is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and more research are needed to determine better diagnostic and treatment strategies.
PMID:34843812 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2021.11.016