2021 Oct 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis and extra-articular involvement. It is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that primarily involves synovial joints. It typically starts in small peripheral joints, is often symmetric, and progresses to involve proximal joints if left untreated. Joint inflammation over time leads to the destruction of the joint with cartilage and bone erosion. RA with a symptom duration of fewer than six months is defined as early RA, and when the symptoms have been present for more than six months, it is defined as established RA.
There is no pathognomonic laboratory test for rheumatoid arthritis, which makes the diagnosis of this disease challenging. An astute and comprehensive clinical approach is required to make the diagnosis and prevent debilitating joint damage. The treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis requires both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Today, the standard of care is early treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Despite treatment, many patients progress to disability and suffer significant morbidity over time. A comprehensive pharmacological and non-pharmacological support (physical therapy, counseling, and patient education) is required to improve clinical outcomes.