Contemporary Management of Chronic Indwelling IVC filters

Link to article at PubMed

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020 Jul 25:S2213-333X(20)30412-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite increasing retrieval rates of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, less than one-third are removed within the recommended timeline. Prolonged filter dwell times may increase the technical difficulty of retrieval and filter-related complications. We sought to evaluate the contemporary outcomes of patients with chronic indwelling IVC filters at a tertiary care center.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed from August 2015 through August 2019 of all patients who were referred for removal of prolonged IVC filter with a dwell time greater than one year. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate patient characteristics and procedural outcomes, which were reviewed via electronic medical records. Data were expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR), or number and percentage, as appropriate.

RESULTS: A total of 47 patients were identified with a median filter dwell time of 10.0 years (IQR 6-13): 34 patients underwent IVC filter removal, and 13 patients refused retrieval. The median age of patients was 54.9 (IQR 42.5-64.0); the majority were female (57%) and white (53%). The most common indication for filter placement was high-risk despite anticoagulation (49%), followed by venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (21%). The majority of patients were symptomatic (72%). If symptomatic, the most common reason for retrieval was IVC penetration (94%), and the chief complaint was pain (56%). Retrieval success was 97%, with a median length of stay of 0 days. The majority of retrievals were performed through an endovascular approach (97%). There was one postprocedural complication (3%).

CONCLUSIONS: Despite prolonged dwell times, IVC filter retrieval can be performed safely and effectively in carefully selected patients at a tertiary referral center.

PMID:32721588 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.017

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