Iron deficiency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

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Iron deficiency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Int J Cardiol. 2019 Jul 31;:

Authors: Cosentino N, Campodonico J, Pontone G, Guglielmo M, Trinei M, Sandri MT, Riggio D, Baggiano A, Milazzo V, Moltrasio M, Muscogiuri G, Bonomi A, Barbieri S, Assanelli E, Lauri G, Bartorelli A, Marenzi G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) is a known co-morbidity and a potential therapeutic target in heart failure. Whether ID is frequent also in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes has never been evaluated.
METHODS: We defined ID as a serum ferritin < 100 μg/L or transferrin saturation < 20% at hospital admission. We assessed the association between ID and the primary endpoint (a composite of in-hospital mortality and Killip class ≥ 3). We explored the potential association between ID, circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters.
RESULTS: Four-hundred-twenty STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were included. Of them, 237 (56%) had ID. They had significantly higher admission high-sensitivity troponin and mtDNA levels as compared to non-ID patients (145 ± 35 vs. 231 ± 66 ng/L, P < 0.001; 917 [404-1748] vs. 1368 [908-4260] copies/μL; P < 0.003, respectively). A lower incidence of the primary endpoint (10% vs. 18%, P = 0.01) was observed in ID patients (adjusted OR 0.50 [95% CI 0.27-0.93]; P = 0.02). At CMR (n = 192), ID patients had a similar infarct size (21 ± 18 vs. 21 ± 19 g; P = 0.95), but a higher myocardial salvage index (0.56 ± 0.30 vs. 0.43 ± 0.27; P = 0.002), and a smaller microvascular obstruction extent (3.6 ± 2.2 vs. 6.9 ± 3.9 g; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency is frequent in STEMI patients, it is coupled with mitochondrial injury, and, paradoxically, with a better in-hospital outcome. This unexpected clinical result seems to be associated with a smaller myocardial reperfusion injury. The mechanisms underlying our findings and their potential clinical implications warrant further investigation.

PMID: 31399299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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