Outcomes of immunocompromised adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the United States, 2011-2015.

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Outcomes of immunocompromised adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the United States, 2011-2015.

Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 11;:

Authors: Collins JP, Campbell AP, Openo K, Farley MM, Cummings CN, Hill M, Schaffner W, Lindegren ML, Thomas A, Billing L, Bennett N, Spina N, Bargsten M, Lynfield R, Eckel S, Ryan P, Yousey-Hindes K, Herlihy R, Kirley PD, Garg S, Anderson EJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hospitalized immunocompromised (IC) adults with influenza may have worse outcomes than hospitalized non-immunocompromised adults.
METHODS: We identified adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2011-2015 seasons through CDC's Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network. IC patients had ≥1: HIV/AIDS, cancer, stem cell or organ transplantation, non-steroid immunosuppressive therapy, immunoglobulin deficiency, asplenia, or other rare conditions. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of IC and non-IC adults using descriptive statistics and used multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to control for confounding by patient demographic characteristics, pre-existing medical conditions, influenza vaccination, and other factors.
RESULTS: Among 35,348 adults, 3633 (10%) were IC; cancer (44%), non-steroid immunosuppressive therapy (44%), and HIV (17%) were most common. IC patients were more likely than non-IC patients to have received influenza vaccination (53% vs. 46%; p<0.001), and ~85% of both groups received antivirals. In multivariable analysis, IC adults had higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.46 [1.20-1.76]). Intensive care was more likely among IC patients 65-79 years (aOR [95% CI]: 1.25 [1.06-1.48]) and >80 years (aOR [95% CI]: 1.35 [1.06-1.73]) compared with non-IC patients in those age groups. IC patients were hospitalized longer (adjusted hazard ratio of discharge [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.83-0.88]) and were more likely to require mechanical ventilation (aOR [95% CI] 1.19 [1.05-1.36]).
CONCLUSIONS: Substantial morbidity and mortality occurred among IC adults hospitalized with influenza. Influenza vaccination and antiviral administration could be increased in both IC and non-IC adults.

PMID: 31298691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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