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Linezolid dosing in patients with liver cirrhosis: Standard dosing risks toxicity.
Ther Drug Monit. 2019 Jun 26;:
Authors: Luque S, Muñoz-Bermudez R, Echeverría-Esnal D, Sorli L, Campillo N, Martínez-Casanova J, González-Colominas E, Álvarez-Lerma F, Horcajada JP, Grau S, Roberts JA
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Limited data regarding altered linezolid pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of linezolid in cirrhotic patients.
METHODS: A case-control 1:1 study of patients undergoing linezolid therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was conducted between January 2015-June 2017. Cases with liver cirrhosis were matched with controls by age, body weight, comorbidities, renal function and ICU admission.
RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were included, 26 in each group. Patients with Child Pugh Score A, B and C were 1 (3.8%), 13 (50.0%) and 12 (46.2%), respectively. Cases had higher median linezolid trough plasma concentrations than controls [20.6 (17.4) vs. 2.7 (11.3) ;p<0.001)] and more frequently achieved an optimal pharmacodynamic index [26 (100%) vs. 16 (61.5%); p=0.002]. In addition, potentially toxic concentrations and treatment discontinuation due to overexposure and haematological toxicity were also more frequently seen in cirrhotic patients. Overall clinical cure rate was high (67.4%) and in-hospital mortality was 28.8%. No differences in clinical outcomes were observed between both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Linezolid showed a high clinical cure rate. Nevertheless, plasma concentrations and treatment discontinuation due to haematological toxicity were higher in cirrhotic patients. Liver cirrhosis may influence linezolid pharmacokinetics and question the use of standard doses.TDM of linezolid would be valuable in these patients.
PMID: 31259884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]