Does the use of proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of hypomagnesemia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Does the use of proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of hypomagnesemia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Mar;98(13):e15011

Authors: Liao S, Gan L, Mei Z

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used in the treatment of acid-related diseases; however, the association between the use of PPIs and potential risk of hypomagnesemia is controversial.
METHODS: In the present study, databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and 4 Chinese databases were searched since the inception until April 2018. Previous observational studies on the incidence of hypomagnesemia in individuals exposed to PPIs were included.
RESULTS: This systematic review involved 15 studies including 129,347 participants, and the sample size varied from 52 to 95,205. Meta-analysis of 14 studies indicated that the use of PPIs increased the risk of hypomagnesemia [RR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.13-1.76; I, 85.2%]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the use of PPI was not associated with the incidence of hypomagnesemia in outpatients [RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.83-2.14; I, 41.4%] and hospitalized patients [RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.81-1.29; I, 62.1%], respectively. The use of PPIs was not related to the risk of hypomagnesemia based on the cut-off values of 1.8 mg/dL [RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.87-2.58; I, 65.2%], 1.7 mg/dL [RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.90-2.06; I, 87.6%], and 1.6 mg/dL [RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.69-1.27; I, 67.9%].
CONCLUSION: The association between the exposure to PPI and the incidence of hypomagnesemia remained unclear. Due to the remarkable heterogeneity in previous studies, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn. Further research should be conducted to investigate the relationship between the use of individual PPI and potential risk of hypomagnesemia, and a dose-response analysis may be required.

PMID: 30921222 [PubMed - in process]

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