Twenty Year Trends and Sex Differences in Young Adults Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction: The ARIC Community Surveillance Study.

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Twenty Year Trends and Sex Differences in Young Adults Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction: The ARIC Community Surveillance Study.

Circulation. 2018 Nov 11;:

Authors: Arora S, Stouffer GAR, Kucharska-Newton A, Qamar A, Vaduganathan M, Pandey A, Porterfield DS, Blankstein R, Rosamond WD, Bhatt D, Caughey MC

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sex differences are known to exist in the management of older patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Few studies have examined the incidence and risk factors of AMI among young patients, or whether clinical management differs by sex.
METHODS: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Surveillance study conducts hospital surveillance of AMI in 4 US communities (MD, MN, MS, and NC). AMI was classified by physician review, using a validated algorithm. Medications and procedures were abstracted from the medical record. Our study population was limited to young patients aged 35-54 years.
RESULTS: From 1995-2014, 28,732 weighted hospitalizations for AMI were sampled among patients aged 35-74. Of these, 8,737 (30%) were young. The annual incidence of AMI hospitalizations increased for young women but decreased for young men. The overall proportion of AMI admissions attributable to young patients steadily increased, from 27% in 1995-1999 to 32% in 2010-2014 ( P for trend =0.002), with the largest increase observed in young women. History of hypertension (59% to 73%, P for trend<0.0001) and diabetes mellitus (25% to 35%, P for trend<0.0001) also increased among young AMI patients. Compared to young men, young women presenting with AMI were more often black and had a greater comorbidity burden. In adjusted analyses, young women had a lower probability of receiving lipid-lowering therapies (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80 - 0.94), non-aspirin antiplatelets (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.91), beta blockers (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91 - 0.99), coronary angiography (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86 - 0.99) and coronary revascularization (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71 - 0.87). However, 1-year all-cause mortality was comparable for women vs. men (HR=1.10; 95% CI: 0.83 - 1.45).
CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of AMI hospitalizations attributable to young patients increased from 1995-2014 and was especially pronounced among women. History of hypertension and diabetes among young patients admitted with AMI increased over time as well. Compared with young men, young women presenting with AMI had a lower likelihood of receiving guideline based AMI therapies. A better understanding of factors underlying these changes is needed to improve care of young patients with AMI.

PMID: 30586725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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