Epidemiology and Effects of Bacterial Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis Worldwide.

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Epidemiology and Effects of Bacterial Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis Worldwide.

Gastroenterology. 2018 Dec 12;:

Authors: Piano S, Singh V, Caraceni P, Maiwall R, Alessandria C, Fernandez J, Soares EC, Kim DJ, Kim SE, Marino M, Vorobioff J, de Cassia Ribeiro Barea R, Merli M, Elkrief L, Vargas V, Krag A, Singh SP, Lesmana LA, Toledo C, Marciano S, Verhelst X, Wong F, Intagliata N, Rabinowich L, Colombato L, Kim SG, Gerbes A, Durand F, Roblero JP, Bhamidimarri KR, Boyer TD, Maevskaya M, Fassio E, Kim HS, Hwang JS, Gines P, Gadano A, Sarin SK, Angeli P, International Club of Ascites Global Study Group

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bacterial infections are common and life-threatening in patients with cirrhosis. Little is known about the epidemiology of bacterial infections in different regions. We performed a multicenter prospective intercontinental study to assess the prevalence and outcomes of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with cirrhosis.
METHODS: We collected data from 1302 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and bacterial or fungal infections at 46 centers (15 in Asia, 15 in Europe, 11 in South America, and 5 in North America), from October 2015 through September 2016. We obtained demographic, clinical, microbiology, and treatment data at time of diagnosis of infection and during the hospitalization. Patients were followed until death, liver transplantation, or discharge.
RESULTS: The global prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 34% (95% CI, 31%-37%). The prevalence of MDR bacteria differed significantly among geographic areas, with the greatest prevalence in Asia. Independent risk factors for infection with MDR bacteria were: infection in Asia (particularly in India), use of antibiotics in the 3 months before hospitalization, prior health care exposure, and the site of infection. Infections caused by MDR bacteria were associated with a lower rate of resolution of infection, a higher incidence of shock and new organ failures, and higher in-hospital mortality than those caused by non-MDR bacteria. The administration of an adequate empirical antibiotic treatment was independently associated with improved in-hospital and 28-day survival.
CONCLUSIONS: In a worldwide study of hospitalized patients, we found a high prevalence of infection with MDR bacteria in patients with cirrhosis. Differences in the prevalence of MDR bacterial infections in different global regions indicate the need for different empirical antibiotic strategies in different continents and countries. While we await new antibiotics, effort should be made to reduce the spread of MDR bacteria in patients with cirrhosis.

PMID: 30552895 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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