Combination versus monotherapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections: matching by predicted prognosis.

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Combination versus monotherapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections: matching by predicted prognosis.

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017 Sep 14;:

Authors: Justo JA, Bookstaver PB, Kohn J, Albrecht H, Al-Hasan MN

Abstract
The utility of empirical combination antimicrobial therapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) remains unclear. This retrospective, quasi-experimental matched cohort study examined the impact of empirical combination therapy on mortality in patients with gram-negative BSI. Hospitalized adults with gram-negative BSI from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013 at Palmetto Health Hospitals in Columbia, SC, USA were identified. Patients receiving combination or beta-lactam monotherapy therapy were matched 1:1 based on age, sex and Bloodstream Infection Mortality Risk Score (BSIMRS). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression with propensity score adjustment was used to examine overall 28-day mortality and within predefined BSIMRS categories (<5 and ≥5). A total of 380 patients receiving combination or monotherapy for gram-negative BSI were included in study. Median age was 66 years and 204 (54%) were women. Overall, 28-day mortality in patients who received combination and monotherapy was 13% and 15%, respectively (P=0.51). After stratification by BSIMRS, mortality in both combination and monotherapy groups was 1.1% in patients with BSIMRS <5 (P=0.98) and 27% and 32%, respectively, in patients with BSIMRS ≥5 (P=0.47). After adjusting for propensity to receive combination therapy, risk of mortality was not significantly different for combination compared to monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-1.60). This finding persisted for both subgroups of BSIMRS <5 (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.04-24.28) and BSIMRS ≥5 (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46-1.48). There is no survival benefit from empirical combination therapy over monotherapy in patients with gram-negative BSI regardless of predicted prognosis at initial presentation.

PMID: 28919195 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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