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Serum sodium concentration, blood urea nitrogen, and outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.
Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jul 30;222:195-201
Authors: Kajimoto K, Minami Y, Sato N, Takano T, Investigators of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association of a low serum sodium and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) with outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) patients.
METHODS: Of the 4842 patients enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry, 4438 patients discharged after hospitalization for acute decompensated HF were investigated to assess the association of a low serum sodium and/or elevated BUN at discharge with all-cause mortality. The patients were divided into four groups based on serum sodium (>136 or ≤136mEq/l) and BUN (<25 or ≥25mg/dl) at discharge. The median follow-up period after discharge was 517 (381-776) days.
RESULTS: According to multivariate analysis, a low serum sodium (≤136mEq/l) or an elevated BUN (≥25mg/dl) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause death compared with patients who had neither (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.94; P<0.001 and HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.73; P<0.001, respectively). Patients with both low serum sodium and elevated BUN had a higher risk of all-cause death relative to patients with neither (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 2.17 to 3.20; P<0.001) and also relative to patients with either low serum sodium alone or elevated BUN alone (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.18; P<0.001 and HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.53 to 2.21; P<0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that a low serum sodium and an elevated BUN may be additive risk factors for postdischarge mortality in acute decompensated HF patients.
PMID: 27497094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]