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Improving the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis in Prosthetic Valves and Intracardiac Devices with 18F-FDG-PET/CT-Angiography: Initial Results at an Infective Endocarditis Referral Center.
Circulation. 2015 Aug 14;
Authors: Pizzi MN, Roque A, Fernández-Hidalgo N, Cuéllar-Calabria H, Ferreira-González I, Gonzàlez-Alujas MT, Oristrell G, Gracia-Sánchez L, González JJ, Rodríguez-Palomares J, Galiñanes M, Maisterra-Santos O, García-Dorado D, Castell-Conesa J, Almirante B, Aguadé-Bruix S, Tornos P
Abstract
BACKGROUND: -The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) in prosthetic valves and intracardiac devices is challenging, as both the modified Duke Criteria (DC) and echocardiography (ECHO) have limitations in this population. The added value of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT (PET/CT) and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT-Angiography (PET/CTA) was evaluated in this complex scenario at a referral center with a multidisciplinary IE unit.
METHODS AND RESULTS: -Ninety-two patients admitted to our hospital with suspected prosthetic valve or cardiac device IE between November 2012 and November 2014 were prospectively included. All patients underwent ECHO and PET/CT, and 76 had cardiac CTA. PET/CT and ECHO findings were evaluated and compared, with concordant results in 54% of cases (kappa: 0.23). Initial diagnoses with DC at admission, PET/CT and DC+PET/CT were compared with the final diagnostic consensus reached by the IE Unit. DC+PET/CT enabled reclassification of 90% of cases initially classified as possible IE with DC and provided a conclusive diagnosis (definite/rejected) in 95% of cases. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 52%/94.7%/92.9%/59.7% for DC, 87%/92.1%/93.6%/84.3% for PET/CT and 90.7%/89.5%/92%/87.9% for DC+PET/CT. Use of PET/CTA yielded even better diagnostic performance values than PET/non-enhanced CT (PET/NECT) (91%/90.6%/92.8%/88.3% versus 86.4/87.5/90.2/82.9) and substantially reduced the rate of doubtful cases from 20% to 8% (p<0.001). DC+PET/CTA reclassified an additional 20% of cases classified as possible IE with DC+PET/NECT. In addition, PET/CTA enabled detection of a significantly larger number of anatomical lesions associated with active endocarditis than PET/NECT (p=0.006) or ECHO (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: -(18)F-FDG-PET/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy of the modified DC in patients with suspected IE and prosthetic valves or cardiac devices. PET/CTA yielded the highest diagnostic performance and provided additional diagnostic benefits.
PMID: 26276890 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]