Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Jan 28;:1-9

Authors: Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Thota P, Pant C, Rolston DD, Hernandez AV, Donskey CJ, Fraser TG

Abstract
OBJECTIVE An estimated 20-30% of patients with primary Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) develop recurrent CDI (rCDI) within 2 weeks of completion of therapy. While the actual mechanism of recurrence remains unknown, a variety of risk factors have been suggested and studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate current evidence on the risk factors for rCDI. DESIGN We searched MEDLINE and 5 other databases for subject headings and text related to rCDI. All studies investigating risk factors of rCDI in a multivariate model were eligible. Information on study design, patient population, and assessed risk factors were collected. Data were combined using a random-effects model and pooled relative risk ratios (RRs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 33 studies (n=18,530) met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent independent risk factors associated with rCDI were age≥65 years (risk ratio [RR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.14; P=.0005), additional antibiotics during follow-up (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.52-2.05; P<.00001), use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.21; P=.008), and renal insufficiency (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14-2.23; P=.007). The risk was also greater in patients previously on fluoroquinolones (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28-1.57; P<.00001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple risk factors are associated with the development of rCDI. Identification of modifiable risk factors and judicious use of antibiotics and PPI can play an important role in the prevention of rCDI. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1-9.

PMID: 25626326 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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