Resting Heart Rate: Risk Indicator and Emerging Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease.
Am J Med. 2014 Oct 15;
Authors: Böhm M, Reil JC, Deedwania P, Kim JB, Borer JS
Abstract
Resting heart rate is central to cardiac output and is influenced by changes occuring in numerous diseases. It predicts longevity and cardiovascular diseases and current evidence suggests that it is also an important marker of outcome in cardiovascular disease including heart failure. Beta blockers improve outcomes in heart failure; however, they have effects outside reducing heart rate. Ivabradine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing rehospitalizations and mortality in heart failure and in improving exercise tolerance and reducing angina attacks in patients with coronary artery disease, while selective heart rate reduction may also prove to be beneficial in therapeutic areas outside those where ivabradine has already demonstrated clinical efficacy. This review provides an update on associations between heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in various conditions, the experimental effects of heart rate reduction with ivabradine, and potential new indications in cardiovascular disease.
PMID: 25447617 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]