Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: a New Clinical Entity.

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Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: a New Clinical Entity.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb 27;

Authors: Moreau R, Arroyo V

Abstract
Patients hospitalized for an acute complication of cirrhosis who also have organ failure(s) are at high risk of short-term death. The term Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is used to characterize these patients. Until recently there was no evidence-based definition of ACLF. It is now the case because results of a large prospective observational European study called "chronic liver failure (CLIF) Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Cirrhosis (CANONIC)" study have been published in 2013 establishing diagnostic criteria for ACLF in a large series of hospitalized patients who had an acute complication of cirrhosis. In addition, this study described the natural history of ACLF. According to the CANONIC study ACLF is now considered as a new clinical entity because it is distinct from "mere", traditional decompensated cirrhosis, based not only on the presence of organ failure(s) and high mortality rate but also on younger age, alcoholic etiology of cirrhosis, higher prevalence of some precipitating events (bacterial infections, active alcoholism), and higher level of systemic inflammation. ACLF is a new entity also because it cannot be entirely explained by severe sepsis or severe alcoholic hepatitis, a large proportion of cases being of "unknown" origin. ACLF should be considered as a whole that includes subcategories such as severe sepsis, severe alcoholic hepatitis and others which require to be defined. ACLF is a relatively common syndrome since it occurs in 31% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis who have an acute complication of their liver disease. In these patients ACLF is the most common cause of death.

PMID: 24583872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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