Efficacy of Single-Dose Antibiotic Against Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Who Are Ventilated.

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Efficacy of Single-Dose Antibiotic Against Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Who Are Ventilated.

Chest. 2013 May 1;143(5):1219-1225

Authors: Vallés J, Peredo R, Burgueño MJ, Rodrigues de Freitas AP, Millán S, Espasa M, Martín-Loeches I, Ferrer R, Suarez D, Artigas A

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Comatose patients present a high risk of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (EO-VAP) for which antibiotic prophylaxis has been proposed. Comatose patients were studied to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose of antibiotic prophylaxis at intubation against EO-VAP. METHODS: A prospective cohort of comatose patients (Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 8) who were admitted in 2009-2010 and administered a single-dose of antibiotic within 4 h of intubation was compared with comatose patients (admitted ≥ 4 h after intubation in 2009-2010 or admitted in 2007-2008) who did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. We analyzed the incidence of EO-VAP, late-onset VAP, and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in both groups. Propensity scores for receiving antibiotic prophylaxis were derived on the basis of patients' characteristics (eg, age and severity) to assess its impact on EO-VAP development. RESULTS: We included 129 patients (71 in the prophylaxis group and 58 in the control group). The global incidence of VAP and incidence of EO-VAP were lower in the prophylaxis group: 10.8 vs 28.4 episodes/1,000 days on mechanical ventilation (P = .015) and 4.4 vs 23.1 episodes/1,000 days on mechanical ventilation (P = .02), respectively. The incidence of late-onset VAP did not differ. The prophylaxis group tended toward lower incidence of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (15.5% vs 25.9%, P = .14). No differences in mortality were found between groups. The propensity-score regression analysis confirmed that a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis was independently associated with lower incidence of EO-VAP (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.58; P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis at intubation might lower the incidence of EO-VAP. However, a randomized clinical trial should be conducted to confirm our findings.

PMID: 23715136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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