Diagnostic value of urine sTREM-1 for sepsis and relevant acute kidney injuries: a prospective study.
Crit Care. 2011 Oct 24;15(5):R250
Authors: Su LX, Feng L, Zhang J, Xiao YJ, Jia YH, Yan P, Feng D, Xie LX
Abstract
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: We explored the diagnostic value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) for early sepsis identification, severity and prognosis assessment, and for secondary acute kidney injury (AKI). We compared this with white blood cell (WBC) counts, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum procalcitonin (PCT), urine output, creatinine clearance (CCr), serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). METHODS: We enrolled 104 subjects admitted to the ICU: 16 cases with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); 35 with sepsis and 53 with severe sepsis. Results for urine sTREM-1, WBC, serum CRP, and serum PCT were recorded on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. For 17 sepsis cases diagnosed with secondary AKI, comparisons between their urine sTREM-1, urine output, CCr, SCr and BUN at diagnosis and 48h before were made. RESULTS: On the day of admission to the ICU, and compared with the SIRS group, the sepsis group exhibited higher levels of urine sTREM-1 and APACHE II scores (p<0.05). Area under curve (AUC) shaped by the scores were 0.797 (95% CI 0.711-0.884) and 0.722 (95% CI 0.586-0.858), respectively. On days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, urine sTREM-1, serum PCT and WBC levels registered higher in the severe sepsis group in contrast to the sepsis group (p<0.05). Urine sTREM-1 and serum PCT levels continuously increased among non-survivors, while WBC and serum CRP levels in both groups declined. For 17 patients with AKI, urine sTREM-1, SCr and BUN levels at 48 h before AKI diagnosis was higher, and CCr level was lower than those for non-AKI subjects (p<0.05). AUC for urine sTREM-1was 0.922 (95% CI 0.850-0.995), the sensitivity was 0.941, and the specificity was 0.76 (based on a cut-off point of 69.04 pg/ml). Logistic regression analysis showed that urine sTREM-1 and severity were risk factors related to AKI occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Besides being non-invasive, urine sTREM-1 testing is more sensitive than testing WBC, serum CRP, and serum PCT for the early diagnosis of sepsis, as well as for dynamic assessments of severity and prognosis. It can also provide an early warning of possible secondary AKI in sepsis patients.
PMID: 22023777 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]