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Incretin-based therapies: review of current clinical trial data.
Am J Med. 2010 Mar;123(3 Suppl):S28-37
Authors: Peters A
Incretin hormones are secreted in response to food ingestion and help manage glycemic control by regulating insulin and glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing caloric intake. Glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, secreted from the L-cells of the lower gut and K-cells of the intestines, respectively, are responsible for these incretin effects, which are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Initially, the rapid degradation of either incretin by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) complicated the development of viable therapeutics based on either hormone. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 2 incretin-based therapies in which their mechanisms of action augment or amplify the effects of naturally occurring GLP-1. Exenatide, a first-in-class GLP-1 receptor agonist, exhibits the same mechanisms of action as native GLP-1. Sitagliptin inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, thus increasing the half-life of endogenous GLP-1. This review examines data from recent GLP-1 receptor agonist and DPP-4 inhibitor studies in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as data on other incretin-based therapies in clinical development.
PMID: 20206729 [PubMed - in process]