Single-Dose Fluconazole versus Standard 2-Week Therapy for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Trial.

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Single-Dose Fluconazole versus Standard 2-Week Therapy for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Trial.

Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Oct 7;

Authors: Hamza OJ, Matee MI, Brüggemann RJ, Moshi MJ, Simon EN, Mugusi F, Mikx FH, van der Lee HA, Verweij PE, van der Ven AJ

Background. @nbsp; Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because of convenience, cost, and reluctance to complicate antiretroviral treatment regimens, single-dose fluconazole may be a favorable regimen for treatment of moderate to severe oropharyngeal candidiasis. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare the clinical and mycological responses, relapse rates, and safety of a single 750-mg dose and a 14-day course of treatment with fluconazole. Methods. @nbsp; A total of 220 HIV-infected patients with clinical and mycological evidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a 750-mg single dose of orally administered fluconazole (110 patients) or 150 mg of orally administered fluconazole once per day for 2 weeks (110 patients). The primary efficacy analysis was based on clinical and mycological responses at the end of treatment. Secondary parameters were safety and relapse rate. Results. @nbsp; Single-dose fluconazole was equivalent to a 14-day course of fluconazole in achieving clinical and mycological cure, with clinical cure rates of 94.5% and 95.5%, respectively (odds ratio, 0.825; 95% confidence interval, 0.244-2.789; [Formula: see text]), and mycological cure rates of 84.5% and 75.5%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.780; 95% confidence interval, 0.906-3.496; [Formula: see text]). Drug-related adverse events were uncommon and were not different between the treatment groups. Conclusion. @nbsp; A single dose of 750 mg of fluconazole was safe, well tolerated, and as effective as the standard 14-day fluconazole therapy in patients with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had oropharyngeal candidiasis coinfection. Trial registration. @nbsp; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00553137 .

PMID: 18840077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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